Muhimman Abubuwan Da Ake Ɗauka

Dalilin da Yasa Matsayin Hayaniya Shine Babban Ma'aunin Zaɓin Ƙofofi Masu Atomatik A Yankin Natsuwa

Dakunan karatu, gidajen tarihi, asibitoci, dakunan bincike, da wuraren tunani suna da buƙatu iri ɗaya: hayaniyar yanayi dole ne ta kasance ƙasa da matakan da ke kawo cikas ga hankali, warkarwa, ko tunani.Saboda tsarin ƙofofi na atomatik suna aiki sau da yawa zuwa ɗaruruwan lokuta a rana a wuraren jama'a masu cunkoso sosai, tarin gudunmawar hayaniyar da ake samu daga aikin motar ƙofa na iya wuce iyakar hayaniyar bango sosai idan aka ƙayyade fasahar mota mara kyau. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da shawarar matakan hayaniyar yanayi na cikin gida ƙasa da 35dB don wurare masu buƙatar maida hankali da ƙasa da 40dB don muhallin cikin gida gabaɗaya, wanda hakan ya sa zaɓin hayaniyar mota ya zama muhimmin ƙayyadaddun bayanai ga wuraren da ke da natsuwa.

Gudunmawar hayaniyar tsarin ƙofa ta atomatik ta samo asali ne daga tushe guda uku: injin da kansa (hayaniyar lantarki da hayaniyar bearing), tsarin tuƙi (bel, gear, ko hayaniyar sarka), da kuma motsin ganyen ƙofa (matsar da iska da gogayya a kan hanya).Fasahar injin DC mara gogewayana magance tushen farko ta hanyar kawar da hanyar haɗin goga-commutator wanda ke haifar da mafi yawan hayaniya a cikin injunan goge na gargajiya. Sakamakon raguwar hayaniyar 10-15dB yana canza ƙofofi na atomatik daga alhakin hayaniya zuwa ɓangaren kayan aiki kusan shiru.

Ga manajojin kayan aiki waɗanda ke tantance tsarin ƙofofi na atomatik, dole ne a yi la'akari da ƙayyadaddun hayaniyar da irin ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya na tsari da ƙimar tsaron wuta.Tsarin ƙofa wanda ya cika duk wasu ƙa'idodi amma ya wuce ƙa'idar hayaniyar, ba shi da amfani ga aikace-aikacen yankin shiru., ba tare da la'akari da farashinsa, fasalolinsa, ko kuma sunarsa ta alama ba. Wannan ya sa gwajin matakin hayaniya da tabbatar da ingancinsa ya zama ma'aunin wucewa/faɗuwa a tsarin siyan.

Yadda Fasahar Motoci ta DC Marasa Brushless Ta Samu Aikin Hayaniya ≤50dB

Fa'idar hayaniyar injinan DC marasa gogewa fiye da injinan gogewa ta samo asali ne daga bambance-bambancen injiniya na asali.Domin injinan da aka goge suna amfani da gogewar carbon na zahiri da ke matsewa a kan na'urar juyawa don canja wurin wutar lantarki, hanyar haɗin goga-juyawa tana haifar da hayaniya mai ci gaba da gogayya, hayaniyar arcing, da girgiza waɗanda ke yaɗuwa ta cikin gidan motar. Wannan hayaniyar tana cikin ƙirar goga kuma ba za a iya kawar da ita ba tare da canza fasahar motar ba.

Motocin DC marasa gogewa suna kawar da haɗin goga-juya gaba ɗaya. Maimakon goga na inji, suna amfani da sauye-sauye na lantarki - mai sarrafa lantarki yana canza wutar lantarki a cikin na'urorin juyawa na mota tare da daidaitawa da matsayin rotor, wanda na'urori masu auna sigina na Hall ko na'urar EMF ke ganowa. Wannan sauyawar lantarki ba ta samar da hulɗa ta injiniya ba, babu gogayya, ko kuma babu arcing, wanda ke haifar da raguwar matakan hayaniya sosai.

Sauran hanyoyin hayaniya a cikin motar da ba ta da gogewa sune: hayaniyar bearing (bearings ɗin da ke tallafawa shaft ɗin rotor), hayaniyar electromagnetic (wanda ƙarfin maganadisu ke haifarwa tsakanin rotor da stator), da hayaniyar windage (hayaniyar iska da rotor mai juyawa ke haifarwa). Injunan da ba su da gogewa suna rage waɗannan hanyoyin ta hanyar zaɓar bearing daidai (bearings ɗin da aka rufe, waɗanda aka riga aka shafa musu man shafawa tare da ƙarancin amo), ingantaccen ƙirar da'irar maganadisu (maganin maganadisu masu ƙyalli da windings ɗin da aka rarraba waɗanda ke rage ƙarfin cogging da hayaniyar electromagnetic), da ƙirar rotor mai aerodynamic (sasan rotor masu santsi waɗanda ke rage girgizar iska).

Don injin DC mara gogewa 24V 60W kamar wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin injinMai aiki da ƙofar zamiya ta atomatik ta YF150, haɗin hayaniyar da ke fitowa daga dukkan majiyoyi a saurin aiki na yau da kullun shine 42-48dB wanda aka auna a nisan mita 1 — daidai cikin ƙayyadaddun ≤50dB da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacen yankin shiru.

Yadda Ake Fassara da Tabbatar da Bayanan Matsayin Hayaniyar Mota

Takamaiman matakin hayaniya ga injinan ƙofa na atomatik suna da ma'ana ne kawai idan aka haɗa su da yanayin aunawa.Domin wannan injin zai iya samar da 35dB ba tare da kaya ba da kuma 55dB a cikakken kaya, ƙayyadadden bayanin "≤50dB" ba tare da faɗi nisan aunawa ba, yanayin kaya, saurin injin, da kuma hayaniyar yanayi ba cikakke ba ne a zahiri kuma yana iya zama ɓatarwa.

Tsarin auna sautin da aka saba amfani da shi don hayaniyar mota yana amfani da na'urar auna sautin da aka daidaita a nesa da aka ƙayyade (yawanci mita 1) daga motar, a cikin yanayin sauti mai sarrafawa (hayaniyar bango ƙasa da 30dB), tare da motar tana aiki a kan nauyinta da saurinta. Ya kamata a auna ta amfani da A-weighting (dBA), wanda ke kimanin amsawar mita na jin ɗan adam kuma shine ma'aunin nauyi da ake amfani da shi a cikin ƙa'idodin hayaniyar a duk duniya.

Ma'aunin ma'aunin sautiƙayyade cewa dole ne a ɗauki ma'aunin hayaniya a cikin yanayi mai 'yanci (babu saman haske a cikin mita 3) ko ɗakin da ba shi da haske don kawar da gudummawar sauti mai haske. A aikace, yawancin masana'antun ƙofofi na atomatik suna auna hayaniya a cikin ɗakin da ba shi da haske (bene mai haske, bangon da ke shayewa da rufi) wanda ke kwaikwayon yanayin da aka sanya inda aka ɗora injin a saman buɗewar ƙofa.

Ga manajojin kayan aiki waɗanda ke ƙayyade ƙofofi na atomatik don aikace-aikacen yankin shiru, nemi waɗannan bayanan hayaniya daga masana'anta: (1) hayaniyar mota a kan nauyin da aka ƙima da gudu, wanda aka auna a mita 1, (2) jimillar hayaniyar tsarin ƙofa gami da tsarin tuƙi da motsin ƙofa, wanda aka auna a mita 1 daga buɗe ƙofar, da kuma (3) bayanan bakan hayaniya da ke nuna rarraba mitar (don gano duk wani ɓangaren sautin da zai iya zama abin haushi fiye da hayaniyar broadband a matakin ɗaya).

Wadanne Matakai na Matakin Hayaniya Ke Shafar Muhalli daban-daban na Yankuna Masu Natsuwa

Nau'ikan wurare daban-daban suna da matakan hayaniya daban-daban dangane da aikinsu da kuma yanayin lafiyar mazauna wurin.Fahimtar waɗannan ƙa'idodi yana bawa manajojin kayan aiki damar ƙayyade madaidaicin matakin hayaniyar mota ga kowane aikace-aikacemaimakon amfani da takamaiman bayani mai girma ɗaya wanda zai iya ƙara farashi ko kuma rage yawan amfani da shi (ƙirƙirar koke-koke na hayaniya).

Laburaren jama'a: matakin hayaniyar da aka ba da shawarar a wuraren karatu shine 35-40dB, tare da ɗakunan karatu suna buƙatar 30-35dB. Injinan ƙofa na atomatik a cikin aikace-aikacen ɗakin karatu bai kamata su ba da gudummawa fiye da 5dB sama da hayaniyar bango ba idan aka auna su a wurin karatu mafi kusa, wanda yawanci ke fassara zuwa ƙayyadaddun hayaniyar mota na ≤45dB a mita 1.

Gidajen tarihi da gidajen tarihi: matakin hayaniyar da aka ba da shawarar a yanayi shine 35-45dB ya danganta da nau'in gidan tarihi. Gidajen tarihi masu natsuwa (zane-zane na zamani, wuraren tunani) suna buƙatar ƙananan matakan hayaniyar fiye da gidajen tarihi ko ɗakunan shiga.Ka'idojin OSHA na fallasa hayaniyaA yi amfani da ma'aikatan gidan kayan tarihi waɗanda ke fuskantar hayaniyar ƙofa na tsawon awanni 8 a rana, wanda ke kafa iyaka ta fallasa ga aiki na 85dB don TWA na awanni 8 (matsakaicin nauyin lokaci).

Asibitoci da wuraren kula da lafiya: ɗakunan marasa lafiya suna buƙatar hayaniyar yanayi ƙasa da 35dB a lokutan dare da kuma ƙasa da 40dB a lokacin rana, bisa ga umarnin WHO. Injinan ƙofa na atomatik a cikin hanyoyin asibiti da ke kusa da ɗakunan marasa lafiya ya kamata su ƙayyade ≤45dB don kiyaye kasafin kuɗin hayaniya. Dakunan tiyata da wuraren ICU suna da ƙa'idodi mafi tsauri, galibi ƙasa da 30dB a yanayin, suna buƙatar injinan ƙofa masu matakan hayaniya a ko ƙasa da 40dB.

Dakunan gwaje-gwaje na bincike: dakunan gwaje-gwaje masu saurin amsawa ga hayaniya (ɗakunan gwajin sauti, dakunan tsaftacewa don kera semiconductor, da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gani) na iya buƙatar hayaniyar yanayi ƙasa da 25dB, wanda ke tura ƙayyadaddun injin ƙofa ta atomatik zuwa ≤35dB - matakin da za a iya cimmawa ne kawai tare da ƙirar injin da ba shi da buroshi mai natsuwa wanda ke aiki a ƙarancin gudu.

Yadda Tsarin Ƙofa Ta Atomatik Ke Shafar Jimlar Fitar da Hayaniya

Injin yana ɗaya daga cikin ɓangarorin da ke fitar da hayaniya daga tsarin ƙofa ta atomatik.Saboda tsarin tuƙi, ƙofar shiga, da tsarin hawa duk suna taimakawa wajen ƙara yawan hayaniya, ƙayyadaddun hayaniyar matakin tsarin dole ne ya yi la'akari da dukkan majiyoyi, ba wai kawai injin ba.

Tsarin tuƙi (bel, gear, ko sarka) yana aika juyawar mota zuwa ga ganyen ƙofa. Tuƙi na bel shine mafi shiru saboda bel ɗin roba ko polyurethane yana shan girgiza kuma yana rage saurin watsa hayaniya. Tuƙi na gear suna da hayaniya saboda hayaniyar ragar gear, musamman a lokacin da hakora ke haɗuwa. Tuƙi na sarka shine mafi yawan hayaniya kuma ba su dace da aikace-aikacen yankin shiru ba. Mai sarrafa ƙofar zamiya ta atomatik ta YF150 yana amfani da tsarin tuƙi na bel wanda ke ƙara 2-3dB kawai ga hayaniyar motar, yana kiyaye hayaniyar tsarin gaba ɗaya ƙasa da 50dB.

Ganyen ƙofa da kansa yana haifar da hayaniya ta hanyar iska (“ƙaho” na iska da ƙofar ke turawa) da kuma gogayya ta hanya (sautin na'urorin ratayewa da ke tafiya a kan layin dogo). Hayaniyar canja wurin iska tana daidai da saurin ƙofar da kuma gibin da ke tsakanin ganyen ƙofa da firam ɗin - gudu mai sauƙi da gibin da ya fi tsauri yana haifar da ƙarancin hayaniya. Hayaniyar gogayya ta hanya ta dogara ne akan kayan na'urar naɗa (na'urorin naɗa na nailan sun fi na'urorin naɗa ƙarfe shiru) da kuma yanayin saman layin dogo (jinginar mai santsi da mai laushi tana samar da ƙarancin hayaniya fiye da layin dogo mai tsauri ko bushewa).

Tsarin ɗagawa zai iya ƙarawa ko rage sautin motar da kuma tuƙa hayaniyar tuƙi. Motar da aka ɗora kai tsaye zuwa firam ɗin ƙarfe mai tauri tana watsa girgiza yadda ya kamata, wanda hakan zai iya ƙara hayaniyar a wuraren ɗagawa. Ƙara haɗin keɓancewa na roba tsakanin injin da firam ɗin yana rage watsa girgiza da 10-20dB, wanda ke nufin rage hayaniyar da aka gani na 50-75% a wurin sauraro. Masu sarrafa ƙofa masu inganci sun haɗa da haɗin keɓancewa na girgiza a matsayin kayan aiki na yau da kullun.

Yadda Ake Kimanta Masu Kaya da Motocin Kofa ta atomatik don Aikace-aikacen Hayaniya Masu Muhimmanci

Zaɓar mai samar da kayayyaki don tsarin ƙofa ta atomatik a cikin aikace-aikacen da ke da mahimmanci ga hayaniya yana buƙatar tabbatarwa fiye da ƙayyadaddun hayaniyar da aka buga.Saboda ingancin masana'antu, daidaiton haɗuwa, da kuma daidaiton sassan yana shafar aikin hayaniya., injuna biyu masu takamaiman bayanai iri ɗaya daga masu samar da kayayyaki daban-daban na iya samar da matakan hayaniya daban-daban a fagen.

Muhimman sharuɗɗan kimantawa na masu samar da kayayyaki sun haɗa da: rahotannin gwajin hayaniya daga dakunan gwaje-gwajen sauti masu izini (ba kawai bayanan gwajin ciki na masana'anta ba), gwajin samfura a cikin yanayin wurin aiki na ainihi (matakan hayaniya sun bambanta da yanayin shigarwa), tabbatar da daidaiton samarwa (nemi bayanan gwajin hayaniya daga wurare da yawa na samarwa don tabbatar da daidaito), da sharuɗɗan garanti da suka shafi aikin hayaniya (mai samar da kayayyaki wanda ke ba da garantin aikin hayaniya na tsawon shekaru 2-5 yana nuna amincewa da samfurinsa).

Kayayyakin ƙofofin atomatik na BeifanAn tsara su ne don aikace-aikacen kasuwanci da na cibiyoyi inda aikin hayaniya yake da matuƙar muhimmanci. An ƙayyade injin DC mara gogewa na 24V 60W na samfurin YF150 don aiki na ≤50dB, tare da sarrafa microprocessor mai wayo wanda ke daidaita saurin mota da bayanan hanzari don rage hayaniya yayin zagayowar buɗewa da rufewa. Tsarin sarrafa koyo na kai yana daidaitawa da takamaiman nauyin ƙofa da yanayin bin diddigi a cikin zagayowar aiki 50 na farko, yana inganta bayanin saurin don ƙarancin hayaniya yayin da yake kiyaye lokacin buɗewa da aka ƙayyade.

Yadda Ayyukan Kulawa Ke Shafar Aikin Hayaniya Na Dogon Lokaci Na Motocin Kofa Na Atomatik

Aikin hayaniya yana raguwa akan lokaci idan ba a kula da tsarin ƙofar atomatik yadda ya kamata ba.Saboda lalacewar bearing, canjin ƙarfin bel, da gurɓatar hanya suna ƙara yawan amo da 5-15dB a cikin shekaru 3-5, shirin kulawa na rigakafi yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye ƙayyadaddun ≤50dB a tsawon rayuwar sabis na tsarin.

Gyaran wata-wata don aikace-aikacen da ke da mahimmanci ga hayaniya: duba bel ɗin da ido don ganin lalacewa, tsagewa, ko gilashi; duba ƙarfin bel (bel mai santsi yana matse pulley, yana haifar da hayaniya mai sauri); tsaftace saman hanyar don cire ƙura da tarkace waɗanda ke ƙara hayaniyar nadi; kuma tabbatar da cewa kusoshin hawa motar suna da ƙarfi (ƙusoshin da ke santsi suna ba da damar ƙara girgiza).

Kulawa na kwata-kwata: A shafa man shafawa a kan layin dogo da kuma bearings na birgima da man shafawa mai tushen silicone (a guji man shafawa mai tushen mai wanda ke jawo ƙura); a duba bearings na injin don jin ko wasa ko rashin ƙarfi (lalacewar bearings da wuri yana bayyana a matsayin hayaniyar niƙa ko ƙara); sannan a tabbatar da matakin hayaniyar ta amfani da na'urar auna matakin sauti mai daidaita don gano duk wani karkacewa daga ma'aunin farko da aka ɗauka lokacin shigarwa.

Kulawa ta shekara-shekara: cikakken ma'aunin hayaniya a saurin aiki da lodi da yawa; maye gurbin bel idan alamun lalacewa suna nuna raguwar aiki; maye gurbin beyar mota idan matakan hayaniya sun ƙaru da fiye da 5dB daga tushen shigarwa; da kuma sake daidaita tsarin sarrafawa don tabbatar da ingantaccen bayanin martaba na sauri don ƙarancin hayaniya.

Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi